从行为需求出发的情景式康复景观模式研究——以重庆市精神卫生中心为例

谭晖

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从行为需求出发的情景式康复景观模式研究——以重庆市精神卫生中心为例
谭晖
四川美术学院建筑与环境艺术学院，重庆 401331

摘要:

目的以设计实践为例，针对精神疾病患者这一弱势群体，探索实施康复景观缓解患者压力的设计策略和具体方法，促进精神病患群体自食其力，减少复发的几率，增强病患家庭及社会的和谐度和幸福感。方法首先针对特殊人群采用细致的跟随记录和数据推演调研方法，获取沟通和交流极为困难的精神病患的潜在需求;其次采用精神病护理康复学和设计学的跨学科研究视角，将行为需求转换为设计策略，提出情景式模拟康复社区创新理念，建立病人出院之前的过渡功能区和缓冲区。病人可在康复景观中减缓压力，借鉴游戏里角色扮演手法，让病患扮演自己喜欢的角色，通过角色扮演参与社会工作，在治疗师引导下学习知识和技能，培养社交能力。结论从行为需求出发提出情景式模拟社区方法模型，将景观设计方法应用到精神疾病康复中，推动康复景观舒缓病患情绪的作用，拓展景观设计审美和生态之外的学科视野，丰富设计学内涵。

关键词: 精神病患行为需求情景式模拟社区康复景观

DOI：10.19554/j.cnki.1001-3563.2022.18.046

分类号:TB472

基金项目:重庆市教委科学技术研究重点规划项目(KJZD-K202001002);重庆市艺术科学研究规划项目(19YB01)

Therapeutic Landscape Mode of Situational Rehabilitation Based on Behavioral Needs:A Case Study of Chongqing Mental Health Center

TAN Hui

(Department of Architectural and Environmental Arts, Sichuan Fine Arts Institute, Chongqing 401331, China)

Abstract:

Taking design practice as an example, this paper aims to explore landscape design strategies and specific methods of non-drug therapy rehabilitation for mental illness patients, a vulnerable group. The purpose of the design is to help patients with mental illness have the ability to work and live, and return to the family and society, and enhance the harmony and happiness of patients' family and society. First, careful follow-up record and data deduction research method are used for special groups to obtain the potential needs of psychiatric patients who are extremely difficult to communicate and exchange. Second, through a psychiatric rehabilitation nursing knowledge and design of interdisciplinary research perspective, behavior needs are converted to design strategy, and simulation scenario type rehabilitation community innovation idea is put forward. Learning knowledge and skills under the guidance of a therapist is a preparation for returning to society by borrowing role-playing techniques from the game. Based on the behavioral needs, this paper proposes a situational simulation community method model, transplants landscape design methods into the treatment of mental illness, strengthens the role of rehabilitation landscape in curing mental illness, expands the field of vision beyond aesthetics and ecology of landscape design, and enriches the connotation of design science.

Key words: mental illness patients behavioral needs situational simulation community method model therapeutic landscape